Stalin's General by Geoffrey Roberts Page B

Zapadnogo Fronta, 16 Noyabrya 1941g.–31 Yanvarya 1942g
(Moscow: Tranzitkniga, 2006), p. 240. This is the Soviet General Staff’s own study of the Moscow counteroffensive. It was one of a number of such studies written and circulated in secret during the war with the aim of distilling and disseminating the experience of major operations. These studies are invaluable for the clarity of their description of the course of battles from the Soviet point of view and for references to important archive documents that cannot be found anywhere else.
    44 A. Werth,
The Year of Stalingrad
(London: Hamish Hamilton, 1946), p. 99.
    45 Cited by Vasilevsky in
A Lifelong Cause
, p. 152.
    46 My summary of the Rzhev-Viazma operations of 1942 is based on S. Gerasimova,
Rzhev 42: Pozitsionnaya Boinya
(Moscow: Yauza-Eksmo, 2007). The book contains a number of maps and an appendix with the relevant Stavka orders. Gerasimova’s casualty figures have been challenged by General M. A. Gareev: “O Nashikh Poteryakh podo Rzhevom i Vyaz’moi,”
Voenno-Istoricheskii Zhurnal
no. 3, 2002.
    47 Zhukov,
Reminiscences
, vol. 2, p. 62. In an unpublished interview with the editors of
Voenno-Istoricheskii Zhurnal
in the 1960s Zhukov was more critical of Efremov’s conduct than he was in his memoirs but he accepted his own responsibility for the failure and pointed out that this was far from being the only operation during which mistakes were made (
Kommunist
no. 14, 1988, p. 96).
    48 See V. Mel’nikov,
Ikh Poslal na Smert’ Zhukov? Gibel’ Armii Generala Efremova
(Moscow: Eksmo, 2009). Also: Krasnov,
Zhukov
, pp. 304–31; Spahr,
Zhukov
, pp. 84–87; and Chaney,
Zhukov
, pp. 197–200.
    49 A copy of this document may be found in the Volkogonov Papers, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division.
    50 Zhukov,
Reminiscences
, vol. 2, pp. 52–55.
    51 Ibid., p. 86.
    52
Khrushchev Remembers
(London: Sphere, 1971), pp. 536–37.
    53 K. S. Moskalenko,
Na Ugo-Zapadnom Napravlenii
, 2nd. ed., vol. 1 (Moscow: Nauka, 1975), pp. 168–213.
    54 Vasilevsky,
A Lifelong Cause
, pp. 163–64.
    55 I. K. Bagramyan,
Tak Shli My k Pobede
(Moscow: Voenizdat, 1998), pp. 305–53.
    56 These documents may be found in D. M. Glantz,
Kharkov 1942: Anatomy of a Military Disaster Through Soviet Eyes
(Shepperton, U.K.: Ian Allan, 1998). Glantz’s invaluable book also contains a detailed narrative of the battle and an extensive account of the Soviet discussion of the disaster.
    57 Ibid., pp. 224–25.
    58 Ibid.
    59 See M. N. Ramanichev, “Nevidannoe Ispytanie,” in G. N. Sevast’yanov (ed.),
Voina i Obshchestvo, 1941–1945
, vol. 1 (Moscow: Nauka, 2004), p. 88.
    60 Vasilevsky,
A Lifelong Cause
, p. 157.
    61 See P. P. Chevela, “Novye Ispytania,” in V. A. Zolotarev and G. N. Sevast’v yanov (eds.),
Velikaya Otechestvennaya Voina, 1941–1945
, vol. 1 (Moscow: Nauka, 1998–99), pp. 325–27. Also Ramanichev, “Nevidannoe Ispytaniye.”
    62 Stalin,
On the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union
, pp. 32, 34.
CHAPTER 8: ARCHITECT OF VICTORY?
    Â Â 1 B. Wegner, “The War Against the Soviet Union, 1942–1943,” in H. Boog et al. (eds.),
Germany and the Second World War
, vol. 6 (Oxford, U.K.: Clarendon Press, 2001).
    Â Â 2 H. R. Trevor-Roper,
Hitler’s War Directives, 1939–1945
(London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1964), p. 117.
    Â Â 3 J. Stalin,
On the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union
(London: Hutchinson, 1943–44), p. 38.
    Â Â 4 Trevor-Roper,
Hitler’s War Directives
, pp. 129–30.
    Â Â 5 Extensive extracts from the Soviet General Staff’s daily briefing reports may be be found in
Stalingradskaya Bitva
, 2 vols. (Moscow: Olma-Press, 2002). The volumes also contain reprints of many articles from the Soviet press as well as Stavka directives, Front and army reports, and many other documents.
    Â Â 6
Stalingrad, 1942–1943: