Cornell Womack. Special thanks to Niklas, Gabriele, Chris, and Forrest, who helped me with research, as did my son, Zeke Rediker, who lent a hand in his own area of interest, African history.
I owe a special debt to Peter Linebaugh, whose friendship and collaboration over many years were central to the formulation of this project. Michael West, a distinguished scholar-activist of Africa and the Black Atlantic, has given warm encouragement to the project from beginning to end. The splendid maritime artist and writer William Gilkerson lent a sailor’s hand with chapter two. George Burgess, coordinator of Museum Operations, and director, Florida Program for Shark Research, Florida Museum of Natural History, and Department of Ichthyology, University of Florida, helped me to understand the history and behavior of sharks, while Pieter van der Merwe of the National Maritime Museum gave generous assistance on James Field Stanfield (chapter five). David Eltis kindly provided recent figures from the updated Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: A Database on CD-ROM . Roderick Ebanks shared his knowledge of historical archaeology in Jamaica. My gratitude to all.
Five superb historians read the entire manuscript and applied their enormous learning. Especially warm thanks to Cassandra Pybus, a gifted writer and historian who helped me to see new possibilities; Emma Christopher, whose pathbreaking study of slave-trade sailors helped to make my own book possible; and Robin Blackburn, whose synthetic, comparative, and comprehensive studies of Atlantic slavery have been exemplary. Ira Berlin, who has brilliantly reconceptualized the slave experience in the New World, made characteristically tough-minded suggestions. Kenneth Morgan, whose own forthcoming study of the British slave trade will reset the scholarly standard, helped me in many ways, sharing his extraordinary knowledge of sources and many careful, detailed comments. I thank all for what they suggested, including the comments I was too hard-headed to accept.
My agent, Sandy Dijkstra, helped me to think my way into the project and to find the right publishers on both sides of the Atlantic. Maureen Sugden provided expert copyediting. Thanks to Eleanor Birne at John Murray, and to my excellent editors at Viking Penguin USA, Wendy Wolf and Ellen Garrison, who accompanied, challenged, and helped me along the way, especially as things got difficult at the end.
Final thanks are reserved for my family. My wife, Wendy Gold-man, has read, discussed, argued, and helped endlessly, more than anyone else. The book is dedicated to her and to my children, Zeke and Eva Rediker.
INDEX
Abington (ship)
able seamen
abolition movement
on African wars as kidnapping
Cugoano and
D’Wolf trial and
in end of slave trade
Equiano in
iconographic vocabulary of
Newton joins
Riland influenced by.
Robinson attempts to counter
sailors’ experiences in
on sharks as terror of slave trade
shipbuilding politicized by
slave resistance emphasized by
slaves as first abolitionists
slave ships made real by
Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade
Stanfield influenced by.
Trotter’s testimony and
workers in
Zong trial in development of
Abyeda.
Achebe, Chinua
Adams, John.
Adinyés
Adlington (ship).
Adventure (ship)
Africa
African slave-ship sailors
commodities traded in
as graveyard for sailors
slave trade in
Stanfield on slave trade’s effect on
in triangular trade
see also Bight of Benin; Bight of Biafra; Gold Coast; Senegambia; Sierra Leone; West-Central Africa; Windward Coast; and peoples by name
Africa (ship)
African (ship)
African Trade, the Great Pillar and Support of the British Plantation Trade in America, The (Postlethwayt)
Agaja, King
Akan
Albion (ship)
alcohol
brandy
grog
sailors’ consumption of
Alfred (ship)
Angola
captains’ stereotype of slaves from
Fraser on slaves from
Laurens on slaves from
Lunda Empire
as source of slaves
Ann (ship)
Anne