How the West Won: The Neglected Story of the Triumph of Modernity by Rodney Stark

Papal Banking Functions in the Early Thirteenth Century.” In David Herlihy, Robert S. Lopez, and Vsevold Slessarev, Economy, Society, and Government in Medieval Italy: Essays in Memory of Robert L. Reynolds . Kent, OH: Kent State University Press.
Oppenheim, A. Leo. 1977. Ancient Mesopotamia . Rev. ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Osborne, Roger. 2006. Civilization: A New History of the Western World . New York: Pegasus Books.
Ozment, Stephen. 1980. The Age of Reform 1250–1550: An Intellectual and Religious History of Late Medieval and Reformation Europe . New Haven: Yale University Press.
———. 1975. The Reformation in the Cities . New Haven: Yale University Press.
Pagnamenta, Peter. 2012. Prairie Fever . New York: Norton.
Palmer, Alan. 1994. The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire . New York: Barnes and Noble.
Panaccio, Claude. 2004. Ockham on Concepts . Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
Panzer, Joel S. 996. The Popes and Slavery . New York: Alba House.
Parker, Geoffrey. 1972. The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
———. [1988] 2010. The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500–1800 . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
———. 1970. “Spain, Her Enemies, and the Revolt of the Netherlands 1559–1648” Past and Present 49: 72–95.
———. 1992. “Success and Failure during the First Century of the Reformation.” Past and Present 136: 43–82.
Payne-Gallwey, Ralph. 2007. The Crossbow: Its Military and Sporting History, Construction, and Use . New York: Skyhorse Press.
Payne, Robert. [1959] 1995. T he History of Islam . New York: Barnes and Noble.
Pederson, Olaf. 1985. “In Quest of Sacrobosco.” Journal for the History of Astronomy 16: 175–221.
Peters, F. E. 1993. The Distant Shrine: The Islamic Centuries in Jerusalem . New York: A. M. S. Press.
Phelps Brown, E. H., and S. V. Hopkins. 1962. “Seven Centuries of prices of Consumables, compared with Builders’ Wage-Rates.” In E. M. Carus-Wilson, ed., Essays in Economic History, vol. 2, 179–96.
Phillips, Jonathan. 1995. “The Latin East 1098–1291.” In Jonathan Riley-Smith, ed., The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades , 112–40. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Phillips, J. R. S. 1998. The Medieval Expansion of Europe . Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Pickthall, M. M. 1927. The Cultural Side of Islam . New Delhi: Kitab Bhanan.
Pirenne, Henri. [1927] 1939. Medieval Cities: Their Origins and the Revival of Trade . Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Pomeranz, Kenneth. 2000. The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy . Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Ponting, Clive. 2000. World History: A New Perspective . London: Chatto and Windus.
Porter, Roy. 1998. The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity . New York: W. W. Norton.
Pounds, N. J. G. 1974. An Economic History of Medieval Europe . London: Longman.
Prawer, Joshua. 1972. The Crusaders’ Kingdom: European Colonialism in the Middle Ages . New York: Praeger.
Privat, Karen L., Tamsin C. O’Connell, and Michael P. Richards. 2002. “Stable Isotope Analysis of Human and Faunal Remains from the Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Berinsfield, Oxfordshire: Dietary and Social Implcations.” Journal of Archaeological Science 29: 779–90.
Postan, Michael. 1973. Medieval Agriculture and General Problems . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
———. 1952. “The Trade of Medieval Europe: The North.” In Michael Postan and E. E. Rich, eds., The Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Vol. 2, Trade and Industry in the Middle Ages , 119–256. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pyle, Howard. 1888. Otto of the Silver Hand . New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
Rabb, Theodore K. 1965. “Religion and the Rise of Modern Science.” Past and Present 31: 111–26.
Raftus, J. A. 1958. “The Concept of Just Price: Theory and Economic Policy: Discussion.” Journal of