An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz Page B

Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA, 1990), 206
    Navajo (Diné) Nation: Fairchild assembly plant in, 209; forced march of, 138–39; land base of, 12; and mining, 210; origins of, 23; rejection of Indian ReorganizationAct by, 171–72
    Nazi Germany, 204–5
    NCAI (National Congress of American Indians), 57, 175, 184, 193
    Neal, Richard, 57, 193
    neocolonialism, 7, 190
    New Deal, 170–72
    New England colony, 62–64
    â€œnew frontier,” 178–80
    New Mexico: land-grant settlements in, 258–59n5; Spanish settler-colonists in, 125; statehood of, 124
    New Spain, 43
    â€œNew World,” 42
    Nimi’ipuu (Chief Joseph, Nez Perce), 149–50, 165
    Nixon, Richard M., 179–80, 184, 185
    NIYC (National Indian Youth Council), 181, 182, 185, 210
    Northwest Ordinance (1787), 3, 124
    Obama, Barack: on colonial power, 115–16; and Violence Against Women Act, 214
    Office of Indian Affairs, 102–3, 151, 189
    Oglethorpe, James, 66
    Ohio Country: and Northwest Ordinance, 3; Tecumseh in, 84–87; transfer from Britain of, 78; during war for independence, 71–74; after war of independence, 81–83
    Ojibwe Nation, 24, 216–17
    Oklahoma: Green Corn Rebellion in, 166–67; statehood of, 159.
See also
Indian Territory (Oklahoma)
    â€œOklahoma Run,” 158
    Old Lady Horse, 143
    Olmec civilization, 19
    Oneida Nation, 77
    â€œOperation Wetback,” 176
    origin myths/narratives, 2, 3–4, 12–13, 47–51, 102–7
    Ortiz, Simon J., 133, 137, 236
    Osage Nation, 215–16
    overgrazing, 171–72
    Pacific Railroad Act (1862), 140
    Paha Sapa.
See
Black Hills (Paha Sapa)
    pan-Indigenous movement, 10, 84–85
    patriotism: Alamo and, 127; after Civil War, 140; and covenant, 50, 51; under Andrew Jackson, 102–7, 108, 115; origin story and, 47
    Patton, George, 167, 194
    Pequot War (1637), 62–63, 64
    Percy, George, 60
    Pershing, John J., 167
    Persian Gulf War, 57, 193–94
    Philippines, US occupation of, 164, 165–66
    Pike, Zebulon M., 120–22, 123
    Pilgrims, 49
    Pine Ridge Sioux Reservation: Guardians of the Oglala Nation at, 186, 250n22; home rule in, 190; poverty and social dysfunction in, 208, 211; and Trail of Broken Treaties, 185–86; and Wounded Knee Massacre, 154–56
    Plains Indians: and Geronimo, 150; relocation of, 150, 151; scorched-earth forays against, 139; slaughter of buffalo of, 142–43, 220; Winchester rifle in campaign against, 234
    plantation(s): economy of, 55, 92–93, 109; and Hawkins project, 98; Muskogee, 100; owned by Scots-Irish, 53; vs. small-scale farmers, 55, 71, 80, 109, 134; in Spanish Florida, 66, 102; in Texas, 126–27
    Plenty Horses, 156–57
    Plymouth Colony, 49, 62–64
    Polk, James K., 131
    Ponce de León, Juan, 43
    Pontiac, 84
    Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763), 68
    Poor People’s Campaign, 182–83
    population: during colonization, 39–42; in precolonial America, 17
    Portuguese colonialism, 42–43, 199
    poverty: of Chagossians, 225; colonialism and, 262n23; on reservations, 191, 208, 211; War on, 182, 208–9
    POW.
See
prisoner of war (POW)
    powerlessness, 211
    Powhatan Confederacy, 60–61
    prairies: habitat management on, 45; in precolonial America, 24–25
    Pratt, Richard Henry, 151
    precolonial North America, 15–31; Aztec civilization in, 20–21; corn cultivation in, 21–25; governance in, 25–27; Indigenous peoples as stewards of the land in, 27–30; Mesoamerica in, 17–21; peoples of the corn in, 30–31; population in, 17
    Price, David H., 227–28
    prisoner of war (POW): William “Rusty” Calley as, 192; Geronimo as, 150–51; return of remains of, 207; vs. unlawful combatant, 222
    privatization: and allotments, 157–61, 249n4; of common land, 34–36; of property, 98; of war, 65
    Prophet’s Town, 84, 86
    Pueblo Indians: and allotments, 160–61; history of, 20, 22, 23, 29; land claims by, 171, 180;