School Lunch Politics by Susan Levine

Meyerowitz, Not June Cleaver; Dorothy Sue Cobble, The Other Women’s Movement: Workplace Justice and Social Rights in Modern America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004); and Daniel Horowitz, Betty Friedan and the Making ofthe Feminine Mystique: The American Left, the Cold War, and Modern Feminism (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press 1998).
    18. Committee on School Lunch Participation, Their Daily Bread ,3.
    19. These organizations worked together in a number of arenas. The NCJW, NCNW, NCCW, and Church Women United, for example, also formed Women in Community Service (WICS), a group that recruited for the Job Corps and worked on employment training. Michael L. Billett, Launching the War on Poverty: An Oral History (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1996), 305.
    20. Olya Margolin to Helen Raebeck, April 18, 1966; Jean Fairfax to Mrs. Joseph Willen, July 5, 1966; Jean Fairfax to Mrs. Adele Trobe, March 22, 1967, National Council of Jewish Women (NCJW), Washington, D.C., Office, Box 191, School Lunch Program Correspondence, 1966–67, Library of Congress. Ultimately, the CSLP interviewers also included staff members from the American Friends Service Committee and the Georgia Council on Human Relations as well as volunteers from the member organizations.
    21. Jean Fairfax to Howard Davis, March 24,1966, NCJW Washington, D.C., Office, Box 191, School Lunch Program Correspondence, 1966–67.
    22. Committee on School Lunch Participation, Their Daily Bread 24.
    23. Ibid., 13, 2, 4.
    24. Ibid., 38–40.
    25. Ibid., 38–39
    26. Ibid., 13–19.
    27. Ibid., 26–28, 49–50.
    28. Ibid., 53.
    29. Ibid., 124.
    30. Olya Margolin to Jean Fairfax, April 5, 1968, NCJW Washington, D.C., Office, Box 191, School Lunch Program Correspondence, January-April 1968.
    31. Telegram from the Committee on School Lunch Participation to Orville Freeman, April 16, 1968 (signed by all five participating organizations). NCJW, Washington, D.C., Office, Box 191, School Lunch Program Correspondence, January-April, 1968. Also see William H. Chafe, Civilities and Civil Rights: Greensboro, North Carolina and the Black Struggle for Freedom (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980).
    32. See Ruth Rosen, The World Split Open: How the Modern Women’s Movement Changed America (New York: Penguin Books, 2000). In ch. 3, Rosen emphasizes the social rifts of the late 1960s.
    33. Confidential letter, Jean Fairfax to “Friends” (Olya), April 17, 1968, NCJW, Washington, D.C., Office, Box 191, School Lunch Program Correspondence, January-April 1968. Fairfax later founded Women and Philanthropy and the Association of Black Foundation Executives. During the 1980s, Jean, along with her sister Betty Fairfax, took up philanthropy, concentrating their resources on education for black youth.
    34. Senate Employment Subcommittee, 1968, p. 68.
    35. Memorandum to Members of the Committee on School Lunch Participation from Jean Fairfax, April 22, 1968, NCJW, Washington, D.C., Office, Box 191, School Lunch Correspondence, January-April 1968; and Jeffrey M. Berry, Feeding the Hungry: Rulemaking in the Foodstamp Program (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1984), 48.
    36. United States Congress, House Committee on Education and Labor, Hearings, Malnutrition and Federal Food Service Programs, 90th Cong., 2nd Sess., May 21–June 3, 1968 (hereafter, House Committee on Education and Labor 1968) 6.
    37. Department of Agriculture Administrative History, vol. 1, ch. 8, p. 110, LBJ Library.
    38. Senate Select Committee, Part 11, July 9–11, 1969. Vermont, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maine, Illinois, Minnesota, Iowa, and California all undertook tax reviews.
    39. Ibid., 3478.
    40. Senate Select Committee, Part 10, May 14, June 27, 1969, p. 3283.
    41. Legal historian Hendrik Hartog discusses the idea of “rights” and collective claims for a redress of grievances. See his “The Constitution of Aspiration and ‘The Rights