The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger by Marc Levinson

Fisheries,
Cargo Container Dimensions
, November 16, 1967. The standards were codified as ASA MH5.1–1961. Federal Maritime Board and Maritime Administration press release NR 61–35, April 28, 1961.
    16. MH-5 minutes, June 6, 1961.
    17. Tineke M. Egyedi, “The Standardized Container: Gateway Technologies in Cargo Transportation,” Working Paper, Delft University of Technology, 2000.
    18.
Containers
, no. 30 (December 1963): 26; Egyedi, “The Standardized Container”; “Is Container Standardization Here?”
Via
—
Port of New York, Special Issue: Transatlantic Transport Preview
(1965), p. 28.
    19. Cost estimate appears in “Memorandum of Comment” by John J. Clutz, Association of American Railroads, to MH-5 Van Container Subcommittee #3, December 13, 1961.
    20. Minutes, MH-5 Van Container Subcommittee #3, December 14, 1961; Tantlinger, “U.S. Containerization.”
    21. Tantlinger, “U.S. Containerization”; letter, M. R. McEvoy, president, Sea-Land Service, to Vincent G. Grey, American Standards Association, January 29, 1963.
    22. Letter, James T. Enzensperger, Pacific American Steamship Association, to Eugene Spector, American Merchant Marine Institute, November 5, 1964; Tantlinger, “U.S. Containerization.”
    23. American Merchant Marine Institute, “Van Containers in Service,” n.d. (circulated January 1965); Pacific American Steamship Association, minutes of containerization committee, January 21, 1965; telegram, K. L. Selby, president, National Castings Co., to R. K. James, executive director, Committee of American Steamship Lines, January 7, 1965.
    24. Pacific American Steamship Association, “SAAM Proposed Cargo Container Standards,” January 20, 1965; Herbert H. Hall, “Facts Concerning the ASA-MH5 Sectional Committee Proposed Van Container Corner Fitting,” June 14, 1965; Memorandum, Tantlinger to W. E. Grace, Fruehauf Corporation, August 12, 1965.
    25. Murray Harding, “Final World Standards Set for Van Freight Containers,”
JOC
, October 5, 1965; Harlander interview, COHP.
    26. “Is Container Standardization Here?” p. 30.
    27. Various countries’ findings are detailed in letter, Harlander to Martin Rowbotham, chairman, second ad hoc panel on corner fittings, January 13, 1967, and letter, Robotham to panel members, February 1, 1967. Other sources include Grey, “Setting Standards,” p. 41; ISO, “Report of Ad Hoc Panel Convened at London Meeting,” January 1967; and author’s telephone interview with Les Harlander, November 2, 2004. Ship lines’ opposition is reported in the minutes of a meeting of “some members” of the MH-5 Securing and Handling Subcommittee, February 16, 1967. The ISO container and fitting specifications are in
Jane’s Freight Containers
, 1st ed. (New York 1968), p. 4–11.
    28. Minutes of MH-5 Demountable Container Subcommittee, July 20, 1967; Edward A. Morrow, “Rail Aide Scores Sea Containers,”
NYT
, September 17, 1967.
    29. ASA-MH-5 committee, cited in L. A. Harlander, “Container System Design Developments over Two Decades,”
Marine Technology
19 (1982): 366; Meyers, “The Maritime Industry’s Expensive New Box.”
    30. The possibility of such additional restrictions on nonstandard operators was much discussed at the 1967 hearings of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, reprinted in
Cargo Container Dimensions
(Washington, DC, 1968).
    31. Minutes of MH-5 Demountable Container Subcommittee, November 9, 1965; memo, L. A. Harlander to S. Powell and others, Matson Navigation Company, November 12, 1965.
    32. Minutes of ASA Group 1 Demountable Container Subcommittee, February 2, 1966; minutes of MH-5 Sectional Committee, June 23, 1966; letter, Hall to Tantlinger, November 1, 1966; Harlander interview, COHP; L. A. Harlander, “The Role of the 24-Foot Container in Intermodal Transportation,” submitted to ASA MH-5 committee, June 1966; Statement of Michael R. McEvoy, president, Sea-Land Service, in House Merchant